Industrial output increased sharply and unemployment fell during the Allende administration's first year.[36]. Since the early decades after independence, Chile has always had an active involvement in foreign affairs. Chile has a telecommunication system which covers much of the country, including Chilean insular and Antarctic bases. Surfing is popular at some coastal towns. [139] Recently, the government declared 31 October, Reformation Day, to be an additional national holiday, in honor of the Evangelical churches of the country. Australia and Chile are members of the WTO, APEC, IMF, World Bank, International Maritime Organisation (IMO), OECD, Cairns Group, United Nations (UN), … [40] In addition, US financial pressure restricted international economic credit to Chile. [200], This article is about the country in South America. [134][135] According to the 2002 national census, Chile's foreign-born population has increased by 75% since 1992.[136]. Learn more. [160] Overall, Chile produces a third of the world's copper. Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, 1980, Kirk, P.M., Cannon, P.F., Minter, D.W. and Stalpers, J. Each region is designated by a name and a Roman numeral assigned from north to south, except for the Santiago Metropolitan Region, which does not have a number. Their waters mainly flow from Andean snowmelt in the summer and winter rains. [35] Joint public-private public works projects helped reduce unemployment. [19], During the 19th century, Chile's commercial ties were primarily with Britain, a nation that had a major influence on the formation of the Chilean navy. The country has an area of 756,102 km², compared it is somewhat smaller than Turkey or slightly smaller than twice the size of the U.S. state of Montana. 1 It also hosted the Community of Democracies ministerial in April 2005 and the Ibero-American Summit in November 2007. Excluding its Pacific islands and Antarctic claim, Chile lies between latitudes 17° and 56°S, and longitudes 66° and 75°W. A Mediterranean climate and increasingly organic, sustainable farming practices contribute to creating high-quality wines which are the purest expression of their privileged terroir. [174] The Government of Chile continues to pay down its foreign debt, with public debt only 3.9 percent of GDP at the end of 2006. In the 2009 legislative elections in Chile, the Communist Party won 3 out of 120 seats in the Chamber of Deputies for the first time in 30 years (the Communist Party was not allowed to exist as such during the dictatorship). [142] Government officials attend Roman Catholic events as well as major Evangelical and Jewish ceremonies. Chile also claims about 1,250,000 square kilometres (480,000 sq mi) of Antarctica under the Chilean Antarctic Territory. New Delhi: Afro-Asian-American Chamber of Commerce Occupational Research and Development, 2016. The economy remained sluggish until 2003, when it began to show clear signs of recovery, achieving 4.0% GDP growth. There have been many arguments between Chileans and Peruvians since the 1800s because they both claim boundary coastal lines. Peruvians claim the Northern part of Chile, which is now South West of Peru. It was created in the 1980s under the Pinochet regime, in an attempt to link the country's most isolated residents to the rest of Chile. The Air Force also operates an airbase on King George Island, Antarctica. [13] Since July 2013, Chile is considered by the World Bank as a "high-income economy". The largest agglomerations according to the 2002 census are Greater Santiago with 5.6 million people, Greater Concepción with 861,000 In 2008, Peru took Chile to court over their maritime disputes. Due to its geographical isolation and strict customs policies Chile is free from diseases such as mad cow disease, fruit fly and Phylloxera. [citation needed] Pichilemu in the O'Higgins Region is widely known as South America's "best surfing spot" according to Fodor's. Santiago is headquarters of Latin America's largest airline holding company and Chilean flag carrier LATAM Airlines. The highest point of the Coastal Range is Vicuña Mackenna, at 3114 meters, located in the Sierra Vicuña Mackenna, the south of Antofagasta. German is still spoken to some extent in southern Chile,[148] either in small country side pockets or as a second language among the communities of larger cities. The central port city of Valparaíso, which is World Heritage with its unique architecture, is also popular. [nb 3]. Late Paleozoic, 251 million years ago, Chile belonged to the continental block called Gondwana. The Chilean currency is the Chilean peso (CLP). [76] This ruling severely impacted fishers in the country making Chile lose a valuable trade in Northwest Chile. In the 2005 parliamentary election, both leading parties, the Christian Democrats and the UDI lost representation in favor of their respective allies Socialist Party (which became the biggest party in the Concertación block) and National Renewal in the right-wing alliance. [19], Since its return to democracy in 1990, Chile has been an active participant in the international political arena. Throughout the colonial period following the conquest, and during the early Republican period, the country's culture was dominated by the Spanish. This was Chile's sixth presidential election since the end of the Pinochet era. [143][144], The patron saints of Chile are Our Lady of Mount Carmel and Saint James the Greater (Santiago). Bill Kte'pi, "Chile", in Robert E. Emery. [19] Ultimately, Almagro is credited with the universalization of the name Chile, after naming the Mapocho valley as such. [119], Chile is one of 22 countries to have signed and ratified the only binding international law concerning indigenous peoples, the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989. [171], The privatized national pension system (AFP) has encouraged domestic investment and contributed to an estimated total domestic savings rate of approximately 21 percent of GDP. [27][89], Air Force General (four star) Jorge Rojas Ávila heads the 12,500 strong Chilean Air Force. Chile is one of South America's most stable and prosperous nations,[11] leading Latin American nations in human development, competitiveness, income per capita, globalization, economic freedom, and low perception of corruption. The United States offered help with a treaty for both Peru and Chile, better known as the Treaty of Ancón. It occupies a long, narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. [citation needed] Finally, Easter Island in the Pacific Ocean is one of the main Chilean tourist destinations. A second international war, the War of the Pacific (1879–83), further increased Chile's regional role, while adding considerably to its territory. [27] Chile's total trade with China reached US$8.8 billion in 2006, representing nearly 66 percent of the value of its trade relationship with Asia. Allende's program included advancement of workers' interests,[36][37] replacing the judicial system with "socialist legality",[38] nationalization of banks and forcing others to bankruptcy,[38] and strengthening "popular militias" known as MIR. Foreign policy. Mal puniki inggih punika within the scope of WikiProject Flag Template , a collaborative effort to maintain flag templates on Wikipedia. but Wesleyan, Lutheran, Anglican, Episcopalian, Presbyterian, other Reformed, Baptist, and Methodist churches also are present amongst Chilean Evangelical churches. The relatively small Central Valley, which includes Santiago, dominates the country in terms of population and agricultural resources. The cold temperatures and winds of the extreme south preclude heavy forestation. Privatization of the telephone system began in 1988; Chile has one of the most advanced telecommunications infrastructure in South America with a modern system based on extensive microwave radio relay facilities and domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations. [27], In 1520, while attempting to circumnavigate the globe, Ferdinand Magellan discovered the southern passage now named after him (the Strait of Magellan) thus becoming the first European to set foot on what is now Chile. The war over how to spell New Mexico’s most valuable vegetable crop continues to rage for the head of the Chile Pepper Institute at New Mexico State University. Chile's congressional elections are governed by a binomial system that, for the most part, rewards the two largest representations equally, often regardless of their relative popular support. [111] Another genetic study conducted by the University of Brasilia in several American countries shows a similar genetic composition for Chile, with a European contribution of 51.6%, an Amerindian contribution of 42.1%, and an African contribution of 6.3%. The next Europeans to reach Chile were Diego de Almagro and his band of Spanish conquistadors, who came from Peru in 1535 seeking gold. The president has the authority to remove the commanders-in-chief of the armed forces. Chileans voted in the first round of presidential elections on 17 November 2013. [27], Admiral Julio Leiva Molina directs around 25,000-person Chilean Navy,[87] including 2,500 Marines. The territory would be shaped by millions of years due to the folding of the rocks, forming the current relief. Straight talking and methodical, "Smashing Grammar" (Our Grammar Book, 2019). [17] The older spelling "Chili" was in use in English until at least 1900 before switching to "Chile". There are various theories about the origin of the word Chile. [117] In 2002 a census took place, directly asking the public whether they considered themselves as part of any of the eight Chilean ethnic groups, regardless of whether or not they maintained their culture, traditions and language, and 4.6 percent of the population (692,192 people) fitted that description of indigenous peoples in Chile. [6] The capital and largest city is Santiago and the national language is Spanish. The major lakes in this area are the artificial lake Rapel, the Colbun Maule lagoon and the lagoon of La Laja. Whole paragraph same as in Ravi Jyee et al., eds., World Encyclopaedia of American Countries, vol. It is thought that due to the importance of lithium for batteries for electric vehicles and stabilization of electric grids with large proportions of intermittent renewables in the electricity mix, Chile could be strengthened geopolitically. Because of its proximity to Santiago, the coast of the Valparaíso Region, with its many beach resorts, receives the largest number of tourists. The 1891 Chilean Civil War brought about a redistribution of power between the President and Congress, and Chile established a parliamentary style democracy. [93] It is the world's southernmost country that is geographically on the mainland. The northern Atacama Desert contains great mineral wealth, primarily copper and nitrates. Chile's most popular sport is association football. Air assets are distributed among five air brigades headquartered in Iquique, Antofagasta, Santiago, Puerto Montt, and Punta Arenas. [114], Despite the genetic considerations, many Chileans, if asked, would self-identify as White. The stadium was renamed for Jara in 2003. Most people there speak Spanish. In December 1993, Christian Democrat Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, the son of previous president Eduardo Frei Montalva, led the Concertación coalition to victory with an absolute majority of votes (58%). Most of the traditions of the culture of Chile have a festive purpose, but some, such as dances and ceremonies, have religious components. [102], Chile's geographical isolation has restricted the immigration of faunal life, so that only a few of the many distinctive South American animals are found. Soon after, the country engaged in a vastly expensive naval arms race with Argentina that nearly led to war. It and the Lauca River are shared with Bolivia, as well as the Lluta River. Chile Overview - Overview - Customs and Culture - Diet and Recipes - Language - Religion - Students Life - Interesting Facts People Government - Politics Geography Economy News - Weather History Photos - Video Travel En Español Sources United States Edition In this case, "chile" is written with a lowercase letter (unless it starts a sentence). Chile also took delivery in 2007 of a number of reconditioned Block 15 F-16s from the Netherlands, bringing to 18 the total of F-16s purchased from the Dutch. [27] Year-on-year growth in imports was especially strong from a number of countries: Ecuador (123.9%), Thailand (72.1%), South Korea (52.6%), and China (36.9%). In Chile, education begins with preschool until the age of 5. González also won a silver medal in singles at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. One-third of Chile is covered by the towering ranges of the Andes. It contains 756,950 square kilometres (292,260 sq mi) of land area. It is characterized by the presence of the Atacama desert, the most arid in the world. [11][12] It is among South America's most economically and socially stable and prosperous nations and it leads Latin American nations in rankings of competitiveness, income per capita, globalization, state of peace, economic freedom, and low perception of corruption. [22] Another origin attributed to chilli is the onomatopoeic cheele-cheele—the Mapuche imitation of the warble of a bird locally known as trile. [154][155][156], Chile has the highest degree of economic freedom in South America (ranking 7th worldwide), owing to its independent and efficient judicial system and prudent public finance management. By the 1920s, the emerging middle and working classes were powerful enough to elect a reformist president, Arturo Alessandri, whose program was frustrated by a conservative congress. Other results achieved by the national football team include two Copa América titles (2015 and 2016), and two runners up positions, one silver and two bronze medals at the Pan American Games, a bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics and two third places finishes in the FIFA under-17 and under-20 youth tournaments. Those ships are based in Valparaíso. [118] Most of the indigenous population shows varying degrees of mixed ancestry. [125] Spaniards were the only major European migrant group to Chile,[123] and there was never large-scale immigration such as that to Argentina or Brazil. The Andes mountain range loses height and erosion caused by the action of glaciers has caused fjords. [115] A 2002 national poll revealed that a majority of Chileans believed they possessed some (43.4%) or much (8.3%) "indigenous blood", while 40.3% responded that they had none. Chile has a total of 372 runways (62 paved and 310 unpaved). Chile hosted one of the largest standing armies in the Americas, making it one of the most militarized of the Spanish possessions, as well as a drain on the treasury of the Viceroyalty of Peru.[19]. Buses are now the main means of long-distance transportation in Chile, following the decline of its railway network. A military junta, led by General Augusto Pinochet, took control of the country. https://www.andersonhousefoods.com/recipes/michigan-ski-country-chili entirely private schools that consistently get the best results. [159], Copper mining makes up 20% of Chilean GDP and 60% of exports. The central valley is characterized by several species of cacti, the hardy espinos, the Chilean pine, the southern beeches and the copihue, a red bell-shaped flower that is Chile's national flower. There are many accepted versions and the dictionary lists the main three: chile, chili, and chilli. Chile is a long narrow country which extends like a ribbon down the west coast of South America. In continental Chile, the Atacama Desert in the north and the Andes mountains to the east are barriers that have led to the isolation of flora and fauna. ", Since 1961, all claims to Antarctic land are, Oehrens, E.B. [116], The 1907 census reported 101,118 Natives, or 3.1% of the total population. Chilean education is segregated by wealth in a three-tiered system – the quality of the schools reflect socioeconomic backgrounds: Upon successful graduation of secondary school, students may continue into higher education. Its national team won the World Team Cup clay tournament twice (2003 & 2004), and played the Davis Cup final against Italy in 1976. South American country, probably named from a local native word subsequently confused with Mexican Spanish chile "chili pepper" (see chili).Suggestions are that the native word means "land's end" or else "cold, winter" which would make a coincidental convergence with English chilly.Related: Chilean.In 19c., often Chili, Chilian. [161] In 2012, there were 3.276 million main lines in use and 24.13 million mobile cellular telephone subscribers. Other European influences, primarily English, French, and German began in the 19th century and have continued to this day. The Chilean Army is one of the most professional and technologically advanced armies in Latin America. [27], Standard & Poor's gives Chile a credit rating of AA-. [38] Started under former President Frei, the Popular Unity platform also called for nationalization of Chile's major copper mines in the form of a constitutional amendment. They commonly extend from the Andes to the Pacific Ocean, flowing in an East to West. [103] In the high valleys, wetland areas generate Chungará Lake, located at 4500 meters above sea level. In the forest region, several types of marsupials and a small deer known as the pudu are found. Británicos y Anglosajones en Chile durante el siglo XIX", "Alemanes en Chile: entre el pasado colono y el presente empresarial", "entrevista al Presidente de la Cámara vasca", "Chile: Palestinian refugees arrive to warm welcome", "500,000 descendientes de primera y segunda generación de palestinos en Chile", "Arabs in the Andes? In the 1970 election, Senator Salvador Allende of the Socialist Party of Chile (then part of the "Popular Unity" coalition which included the Communists, Radicals, Social-Democrats, dissident Christian Democrats, the Popular Unitary Action Movement, and the Independent Popular Action),[27] achieved a partial majority in a plurality of votes in a three-way contest, followed by candidates Radomiro Tomic for the Christian Democrat Party and Jorge Alessandri for the Conservative Party. The flag of Chile consists of two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red; there is a blue square the same height as the white band at the hoist-side end of the white band; the square bears a white five-pointed star in the center representing a guide to progress and honor; blue symbolizes the sky, white is for the snow-covered Andes, and red stands for the blood spilled to achieve independence. Chile covers an area of 756,096 square kilometres (291,930 sq mi) and has a population of 17.5 million as of 2017. Chile is a founding member of the United Nations, the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) and the Pacific Alliance, and joined the OECD in 2010. [27], Conquest took place gradually, and the Europeans suffered repeated setbacks. [62], Chile achieved global recognition for the successful rescue of 33 trapped miners in 2010. Now agriculture and allied sectors like forestry, logging and fishing account for only 4.9% of the GDP as of 2007[update] and employ 13.6% of the country's labor force. The economy began to boom due to the discovery of silver ore in Chañarcillo, and the growing trade of the port of Valparaíso, which led to conflict over maritime supremacy in the Pacific with Peru. Francisco Hurtado, Governor of the province of Chiloé, conducted a census in 1784 and found the population consisted of 26,703 inhabitants, 64.4 percent of whom were whites and 33.5 percent of whom were natives. In the middle of the Pacific, the country has sovereignty over several islands of volcanic origin, collectively known as Insular Chile. The Government Junta of Chile proclaimed Chile an autonomous republic within the Spanish monarchy (in memory of this day, Chile celebrates its National Day on 18 September each year). Jorge Alessandri succeeded Ibáñez del Campo in 1958, bringing Chilean conservatism back into power democratically for another term. There are medical schools and both the Universidad de Chile and Universidad Diego Portales offer law schools in a partnership with Yale University. Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández, Isla Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas, and Easter Island in Oceania. [27] An associate member of Mercosur and a full member of APEC, Chile has been a major player in international economic issues and hemispheric free trade.[27]. A long and narrow coastal Southern Cone country on the west side of the Andes Mountains, Chile stretches over 4,300 km (2,670 mi) north to south, but only 350 km (217 mi) at its widest point east to west. [123] However, it is undeniable that immigrants have played a significant role in Chilean society. Chile is a country in South America that borders the South Pacific Sea. Chile has Consulates-General in Sydney and Melbourne and Honorary Consuls in Queensland and Western Australia. [197] Crudos is an example of the mixture of culinary contributions from the various ethnic influences in Chile. Chile . During the last glaciation, this area was covered by ice that strongly eroded Chilean relief structures. Chilean cuisine is a reflection of the country's topographical variety, featuring an assortment of seafood, beef, fruits, and vegetables. The main attractions for tourists are places of natural beauty situated in the extreme zones of the country: San Pedro de Atacama, in the north, is very popular with foreign tourists who arrive to admire the Incaic architecture, the altiplano lakes, and the Valley of the Moon. [140], Chile has a Baháʼí religious community, and is home to the mother temple of the Baháʼís for Latin America, which was completed in 2016 and has been described as futuristic and translucent in its architectural style. Chile borders Argentina and Bolivia in the east, and it shares a short border with Peru in the north. The Congress is located in the port city of Valparaíso, about 140 kilometres (87 miles) west of the capital, Santiago. The main tourist sites in the south are national parks (the most popular is Conguillío National Park in the Araucanía)[citation needed] and the coastal area around Tirúa and Cañete with the Isla Mocha and the Nahuelbuta National Park, Chiloé Archipelago and Patagonia, which includes Laguna San Rafael National Park, with its many glaciers, and the Torres del Paine National Park. Download Grammarly's app to help with eliminating grammar errors and finding the right words. The Dakar Rally off-road automobile race has been held in both Chile and Argentina since 2009. The Chilean Government has formed a Council on Innovation and Competition, hoping to bring in additional FDI to new parts of the economy. [107], In 1984, a study called Sociogenetic Reference Framework for Public Health Studies in Chile, from the Revista de Pediatría de Chile determined an ancestry of 67.9% European, and 32.1% Native American. [96] [27], There are several indigenous languages spoken in Chile: Mapudungun, Quechua, Aymara and Rapa Nui. [96] Owing to the vicinity of the Humboldt Current, ocean waters abound with fish and other forms of marine life, which in turn support a rich variety of waterfowl, including several penguins. [88] The Navy operates its own aircraft for transport and patrol; there are no Navy fighter or bomber aircraft. Much of the Chilean flora is distinct from that of neighboring Argentina, indicating that the Andean barrier existed during its formation. In the mid-1960s native musical forms were revitalized by the Parra family with the Nueva canción Chilena, which was associated with political activists and reformers such as Víctor Jara, Inti-Illimani, and Quilapayún. for travel or flights In the immediate vicinity of Chile are countries such as Argentina, Uruguay & Paraguay. Only if the leading coalition ticket out-polls the second place coalition by a margin of more than 2-to-1 does the winning coalition gain both seats, which tends to lock the legislature in a roughly 50–50 split. By clicking on Add country you can show and compare the data for any country in the world you are interested in. Stay on top of Chile latest developments on the ground with Al Jazeera’s fact-based news, exclusive video footage, photos and updated maps. Traditional recipes include asado, cazuela, empanadas, humitas, pastel de choclo, pastel de papas, curanto and sopaipillas. 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