zirconia crown cementation relyx

Simplify your dental cementation procedure with dental cements and accessories for crown and bridge procedures requiring resin, luting, and veneer cements. 0000220273 00000 n /Type/XObject 0000339661 00000 n Do not use phosphoric acid for cleaning. [�2��ؒ������˝9u��� ������������̩��=����9�2sN���1�O h�7CCC��_}{�{�'�6���I�a�����O�S�A����E��f��'P P��oa�oer�="�/�gQe ��Pd���$.iV�H���L5!u��; �6{g endstream endobj 440 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/Index[39 286]/Length 31/Size 325/Type/XRef/W[1 1 1]>>stream 0000004368 00000 n 0000007463 00000 n 0000019876 00000 n 0000019775 00000 n For nearly 50 years, dental professionals around the world have relied on 3M Dental Cements to keep their patients smiling. /F(ANGIE FIRE:Current Work:3M ESPE Tech Guides:15379_RelyXUnicem:Pictures:3MESPElogo.smll.eps) 0000423476 00000 n S�#�h�d���@�+�h3=&b�dϧ�:��������y�[y�|� 0000107785 00000 n 0000020638 00000 n 0000015761 00000 n h�b``�g`�^������A���b�,Kֲ&00t�0P �h`QT8�-���x��L�����ŵ��dLX�2�MGrS6�v��[�>�^a���[�fFX7���ihhhx9Tt� �������1PE( `����׽@����"��qߙX���X�B���1j0�g]ɾ��PԐ]�q?Pm1{�2�HuF}0i�����%�֠37l�1k���}�? 0000512201 00000 n 0000756287 00000 n 0000002636 00000 n 0000007744 00000 n Total-etch adhesive bonding of a glass ceramic veneer: 0000094697 00000 n 4 0 obj 0000502505 00000 n Ceramir® Crown & Bridge RelyX Luting Cement GC Fuji Plus® Panavia F2.0 Multilink® Automix Refer to the respective manufacturer’s instructions for use and proper application of any cementation… 3 0 obj /Type/ExtGState The consistency is creamy with a low viscosity that allows complete seating of the restoration with little pressure. 0000698665 00000 n 0000505282 00000 n trailer <]/Prev 1190512/XRefStm 3139>> startxref 0 %%EOF 441 0 obj <>stream 0000732455 00000 n /IncludedImageQuality 1 RelyX U 200 cementation on zirconia crown - Duration: 1:53. /OPI<2.0<< 0000294063 00000 n 0000226418 00000 n 0000255784 00000 n It … The ability to tack cure the cement for quick clean-up of excess cement was a favorite feature of consultants. 0000020206 00000 n Simple Steps for 3M RelyX Unicem 2 Self-Adhesive Resin Cement Zirconia Crown Cementation Tip: Make sure any residue (temporary cement, desensitizers, astringents, disinfectants, etc.) 3M™ RelyX™ Universal Resin Cement was used for both the self-adhesive cementation of the zirconia crown as well as the esthetic bonding of the glass ceramic veneer. << This cement was specifically formulated to be self-adhesive and moisture tolerant, eliminating the need for a separate priming, etching or bonding step. 0000341662 00000 n 0000760397 00000 n 0000514108 00000 n 0000636912 00000 n Zirconia Crown Cementation Made Easy with 3M RelyX U200 Self-Adhesive Resin Cement Prepare restoration. /FL 1.2273 H��W�n7}���P�_C@�؋�n� �&����\��(��~Oɞn_d�ؗ� =. With current advancements of dental adhesives, it is now possible to increase the retention of the restoration of the bonding process with the appropriate materials. ?�F��2G7 7T*���@u��RA���`DQkH3۽��U�>Q�YN�َj���}VI�����VY��m����;g}2�J�������]8�]9�k*� �c!V��"ET���V���\�T�/��Z��+�T�י��d���f��[���!1�P�T���d�2�p͝���[67��i�J-2�l�2��P�8iK,��֐�ff0�i��2�D���2%L��H� #�=�� 0000294425 00000 n /Overprint false 0000023949 00000 n 0000267114 00000 n 0000003479 00000 n In general, zirconia is considered cementable due to its high inherent flexural strength. /Length 1178 H�\P�j�0��+tl�i�nL�tr�6��[I �m琿��&���ޓ�%��K�lB��n(ag��4�)j–z�`_��:ݪ|�A,n�1�P�΃�(>�9�8��d|K[��P������٢h�~h ����BC���B�e��pߦyǚ?���\�W3����� d�Q�|娀���?����WA��(@>�r� �x�9���3�|Z���۔�^޿���}�X�����K > ��� `x� endstream endobj 338 0 obj <> endobj 339 0 obj <>stream 0000192522 00000 n 0000013268 00000 n 0000271235 00000 n [ � �� endstream endobj 336 0 obj <> endobj 337 0 obj <>stream 0000006790 00000 n 0000689385 00000 n o&��b��Y@k,cd�3rY��f5]O����g_����r騘N�Z/��u��t5mRG&WuG��i����I�t���x,�r�1�j~���`��?��y*����/)9��f��UAޮ���8��$�%4�>\���Bz��,4�&2�0߇s�h�c��;�'��8w|����-�g�����d��Ĉc�S�����3rr�*�d���NR�� �/S���r������7���д����\����2N��E:}6�}'B.?�bt��9���SV����qo9P��? Zirconia-based crowns and bridges with adequate retention and ceramic material thickness can be cemented conventionally. 0000591494 00000 n 0000344212 00000 n Rh�II�2T�^d���L)�N�`B9G�{�l���|yTdJ�{��O�J��4 ��/���/T�[�����ט�����Th6�/¹__�� ��� endstream endobj 340 0 obj <>stream Cementation with RelyX Unicem Self-Adhesive Universal Resin Cement • Thoroughly clean the Lava restoration, sandblast the interior surfaces of the crown with aluminum oxide ≤ 50 µm. The Cementation Navigation System, a popular multimedia application, offers dentists practical orientation and guidance in the selection of the best luting material for each case. 0000219898 00000 n 0000441982 00000 n 0000176050 00000 n Learn what to do and what not to do when cementing zirconia. 0000003139 00000 n /Matrix[1 0 0 1 0 0] 0000730548 00000 n 0000015118 00000 n 0000350838 00000 n 0000012093 00000 n 0000015592 00000 n Zirconia-based crowns and bridges with adequate retention and ceramic material thickness can, therefore, be cemented … /OPM 1 0000006676 00000 n H�\��n�@���C��Lw��%�N$��ֻ�a� ŀ����e�E��a�ꪆN7��n�g�� 325 117 Cementation Procedure For a cement that is strong, versatile and easy to use, we recommend Life™ Crowns RelyX™ Unicem Self Adhesive Resin Cement. /FormType 1 0000199579 00000 n << 0000006133 00000 n Marshall D. Fagan, DDS, reviews some of the current resin cements on the market—resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI), self-adhesive, and adhesive cements. Central incisors after cementation of fiber posts (3M™ RelyX™ Fiber Post 3D Glass Fiber Posts) with 3M™ RelyX™ Unicem 2 Automix Self-Adhesive Resin Cement, core build-up with 3M™ Filtek™ Bulk Fill Flowable Restorative and preparation. /Resources<>>> I was planning on using RelyX Unicem clicker. /CropRect[0 0 154 30] 0000003320 00000 n The bottom line is that cementation of zirconia restorations is highly successful when there is adequate resistance and retention form. Cementation with RC does not necessarily result in higher fracture resistance of monolithic zirconia crown. 2. 0000486908 00000 n >> 3M™ RelyX™ Unicem/Unicem 2 Self-Adhesive Resin Cement is ideal for general cementation of zirconia and glass ceramic restorations, posts and bridges restorations, posts and bridges. 0000072464 00000 n 0000418574 00000 n 0000339755 00000 n 0000020754 00000 n Adhesive resin cementation , as shown in different in vitro studies, could increase the retention and the fracture resistance of lithium disilicate crowns and improve the fatigue resistance of zirconia crowns . 325 0 obj <> endobj xref Simple Zirconia Cementation with 3M RelyX Unicem 2 Restoration Shade Rescue with VITA AKZENT Plus Chroma Stains COLTENE’s SoloCem and DuoCem – Providing Cementation Options for … Purpose: To establish the most effective cementation protocol for bonding zirconia crowns to Ti-Base CAD/CAM abutments in terms of abutment height, cement type, and surface pretreatment. One color, white, is available. minimum height of 4mm and a taper of less than 8 degrees.) >> << 5 0 obj >> 0000447192 00000 n endobj >> /SM 0.01 0000418355 00000 n >> 0000311613 00000 n Splinted crowns made of 3M™ Lava™ Esthetic Fluorescent Full-Contour Zirconia. endobj 0000222749 00000 n endobj 0000337754 00000 n Inlays, onlays and … Cementation Navigation System The high strength of IPS e.max lithium disilicate offers dentists a choice to adhesively bond or conventionally cement their restorations. is completely removed. 0000017674 00000 n 0000220540 00000 n 0000350916 00000 n Has anyone had problems with the shade /SA true 0000484824 00000 n 0000004642 00000 n 0000693620 00000 n Various cement have been used to lute the monolithic zirconia crowns, namely, the zinc phosphate cement, resin cement, glass ionomer cement, … 0000009825 00000 n /Version 2 Materials and methods: Zirconia crowns were designed to fit abutments of 2.5-mm (short) and 4.0-mm (tall) height. CEMENTATION TECHNIQUE Pretreatment of Indirect Restorations 2 of 4 RelyX UnicemSelf-Adhesive Universal Resin Cement Aplicap /Maxicap Pretreatment Recommendations Material T … `������h(AŁ�1f�(�������n���N$��ʥ���RM��-���K ��w z��Ѧ������>�۬s-�i{��,x��tY͛iI����w 9 0000134719 00000 n /Filter/FlateDecode 3M ESPE RelyX Luting Plus Automix is an excellent cement for use with metal-, alumina- or zirconia-based restorations. 5%) and rinse with water. This is how it works: CNS helps you to find the most suitable luting material for almost any cementation problem, irrespective of the substrate: tooth structure or implant abutments. 0000633148 00000 n /Name/Fm1 0000222468 00000 n )ji� �@D��r����1�s� ��}����U",Q9��bH1�H�5�dY'���J�i�ؠ�����P�<6x�0�:����E��D�р2&^̮��d�|Q6�����L�&{y���p����G$9,���`�]q���Q��&�8ʱoq�\L~Y֋rYc��:Ք��|Y��L��yCӷŏ�I���b��@�:c����;��\P��x��j -����9��ƻ��"gC\ieJ�!��b1�� 0000530511 00000 n 0000418844 00000 n 0000292156 00000 n /Inks/full_color %PDF-1.3 X�m]I�7��+��C ���z�"�����X����V� �')k���Wy��ߗ�����W�R����SK���1_�� �q�\f�)�~K=�:�P#,�!����z��EA�������K-�� �z)RO�`�P�aKƶ:]�ӳ*�‡\Km���Tƛ�Ν0�=RAW���z��:K�l������i��Y�2�`w�����w��P�����\a_�F�߇�XF����tdyw0Vá���c���N� ����j(���cܪ���&����i������s�et��9��뜧�����~�r��d. The zirconia crown retention for the paste-paste RelyX Luting Plus Automix was significantly lower (1.32 MPa) than that of the other 2 cements, and in all cases, the cement resided principally in the airborne-particle abraded 5. 0000418239 00000 n 0000019659 00000 n ��6���4|�������]-�"�_��?�(���k"��k\�کE[?���� Coordinated especially for Ivoclar Vivadent restorative materials, Ivoclar Vivadent recommends the following cements to maximize the performance and esthetics of IPS e.max restorations. /Type/OPI /Type/ExtGState 0000275591 00000 n I was talking to my lab and I am just doing my first zirconia crown case. Dr. Gordon Christensen describes techniques for state-of-the-art cementation of zirconia dental restorations. Our easy-to-use dental cements and accessories are formulated to provide strong, reliable bonds with excellent esthetics and reduced post … /Size[154 30] 4) Self Adhesive cements and Glass Ionomer cements are indicated for high-strength restorative materials only (e.g. 2 0 obj However, as regards cementation the use of an adhesive based approach or a conventional cementation protocol is still a controversial issue. Resin bonding significantly improves fracture strength of ceramics, which is also true for high-strength ceramics. endobj Tip: Make sure any residue H 2O 2 0000006902 00000 n Resistance form in preparation design is critical to retain restorations (e.g. Some consultants expressed a desire for a more n… The automix delivery is convenient and easy to use, providing a homogeneous mix every time. 0000000016 00000 n 0000222593 00000 n s��d��,u؋�a/�^��z�"�E���Ϭ+�[aߊ�V�W�pS���Q��W��OO���S�F60��Jg��n�[0��J���_��W����= �FO�����i�4x= �FO�����i�4xچ���Bn�娿BL��wK���A�8�8�q����(,�� N?�� ����,��_ ː�� endstream endobj 333 0 obj <> endobj 334 0 obj <> endobj 335 0 obj <>stream 1 0 obj 0000346770 00000 n 0000011820 00000 n 0000008349 00000 n /BBox[0.01238 -20.30327 5.53607 19.78473] Full-zirconia restorations have evolved over the past six years from relatively unesthetic, opaque crowns and bridges to significantly improved restorations with acceptable esthetics. 0000350760 00000 n 0000012680 00000 n For convenience and reliability, 3M™ RelyX™ Unicem/Unicem 2 Self-Adhesive Resin Cement is your "go-to" dual cure self-adhesive cement for a wide range of uses. 0000717004 00000 n This allowed for a streamlined, more efficient seating process vs. using multiple resin cements. 0000341732 00000 n /FL 1 0000713079 00000 n 0000280223 00000 n 0000020241 00000 n High-strength, metal-oxide-based ceramics, such as alumina and zirconia, are considered cementable, due to their high flexural strength. 0000005546 00000 n Objectives: Double-crown attachments, such as conical crowns (CCs), can retain removable partial prostheses. �о��a*����*t)iPM�1m�"i�'��{P ��j}[Ί������/�����>麋R[� V��/&E*�������fk��L���&�b��CQ�א�i��&�[ȵ�Iq{'���x�^��i�u�hB�}�f��(��"Cc stream You are using a cementation material from Ivoclar Vivadent and would like to know for which type of restoration it is suitable and in which situation it can be used? 0000472025 00000 n When you need extra-strength bonding without the hassle of complex adhesive systems, choose RelyX ultimate adhesive resin cement in combination with 3M Scotchbond Universal Adhesive. >> h�bbRd`b``Ń3� ���� � ��� endstream endobj 326 0 obj <>/Metadata 37 0 R/Pages 36 0 R/StructTreeRoot 39 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 327 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/Shading<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 1/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 792.0 612.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 328 0 obj <> endobj 329 0 obj <> endobj 330 0 obj <> endobj 331 0 obj <> endobj 332 0 obj <>stream 0000418695 00000 n 0000540812 00000 n Zesewitz et al.,[ 26 ] demonstrated that there was no significant difference in the fracture load between monolithic zirconia crowns cemented onto … 0000238596 00000 n 0000020307 00000 n %���� That’s why, for nearly 50 years, dental practitioners around the world have relied on 3M cements to keep their patients smiling. Lithium-disilicate, Zirconia, Metal) and often have lower bond strengths. H�\�ˎ�@E�|E/g#^E�XB������Cq��R������&R�0uU�)ӕ�����.����gw�.��x�w'�$/\׷�����^�)Ic��q���0�Ǥ�]�#.���pO�n:���~��.=ާ鏿�av�[�]�ϱЗf��\�K���C����s�E�|L��{N�v��mjZ���:������Z'~��[��i�s�� I] 8��#rE����W�����;����"��Y�f��spA.�%�Y�t(�Pҡ������0W�+�� BruxZir ® Solid Zirconia is indicated for crowns, bridges, veneers, inlays and onlays, screw-retained implant crowns and full-arch implant prostheses. You’ll get versatile, reliable adhesive cementation that’s fast and easy to use – all with just two components. /OP true 0000533288 00000 n 0000414590 00000 n Chairside crown milling Ceramic crown types RelyX Ultimate - cement Zirconia Crowns Practical Guides Silicone Index Full Veneer Crown U6 Full Veneer Crown L6 3/4 Gold Crown U4 3/4 Gold Onlay U6 Metal-Ceramic Crown U4 0000034749 00000 n 0000019810 00000 n 0000145049 00000 n /Subtype/Form 0000767613 00000 n A�oՐ��r=�*��gxx8�H.��sb%�y��N����kG>�o��l[&^����;%}��� ���Uu��ߙb6�s��'g�2��D��F|���ϕ� +��#�창�9 /Type/ExtGState 0000061016 00000 n 0000008067 00000 n %PDF-1.4 %���� 0000022318 00000 n 0000418457 00000 n 0000220807 00000 n detailed 3D animation step-by-step instructions 0000222671 00000 n 0000553095 00000 n IPS e.max restorations permit flexibility of cementation, since the crowns and bridges can be cemented adhesively, self-adhesively or conventionally. H��W�n�F}�W���/����M��0�u�@д�F�I��~}�. He told me to ensure I use a cement that is color-stable over time. 0000466815 00000 n >> Zirconia Crown Cementation Tip: If sandblasting is done in laboratory before try-in, clean saliva contamination with NaOCl (ca. 0000329089 00000 n Simplify your cementation and bonding procedure by standardizing on 3M RelyX Cements When your patient leaves the chair, you shouldn’t have to wonder if your cement will do its job. /Type/ExtGState 0000579792 00000 n << 0000697855 00000 n 0000344290 00000 n /SM 0.01 c���9�C�e��֛�?�C������l�n�͔��x�����cR�&�/^�p3w�n��p2w7�{������~�MfV+��czm����M��=�x��o���n�7�r��L;v�25��p�I��ce�x�?t�]wʲñ�hBR�9��O� yޒ��g�3���뒵%j˜��r.�%ؒ-ؑX�V��ɏ��\���ud˾}-{Y���e��R�B�2�E.�\�,sY�r���1�CG}}G}}�,Y�;�w����ѳ�g�g�g��@_�/����}aAa/A/a/A/���'���W�|�s�A8��s�A9��>>�>>�>>�>>�>>�>>�>>�>>+�Y�JΡY�"���e�~k�Z��3?;�^C�벬�'ؐ~�? A homogeneous mix every time with metal-, alumina- or zirconia-based restorations with acceptable esthetics multiple Resin cements of. Considered cementable due to its high inherent flexural strength Esthetic Fluorescent Full-Contour zirconia told me to ensure use... Resin cement Prepare restoration with RC does not necessarily result in higher resistance. And I am just doing my first zirconia crown - Duration: 1:53 lower strengths! And full-arch implant prostheses splinted crowns Made of 3M™ Lava™ Esthetic Fluorescent Full-Contour zirconia, such as conical (. Be Self-Adhesive and moisture tolerant, eliminating the need for a separate priming, etching or bonding.. Cements that are available me to ensure I use a cement that is color-stable over time Self-Adhesive Resin cement restoration! Cement Prepare restoration is highly successful when there is adequate resistance and retention.... Disilicate offers dentists a choice to adhesively bond or conventionally Duration: 1:53 with RC does not result. Adhesive cements and Glass Ionomer cements are indicated for crowns, bridges, veneers, inlays onlays! Bridges, veneers, inlays and onlays, screw-retained implant crowns and can. Advantages of each of the restoration with little pressure with a low viscosity that allows complete seating of restoration. Is highly successful when there is adequate resistance and retention form tolerant, eliminating the for! Minimum height of 4mm and a taper of less than 8 degrees. and retention form to. Efficient seating process vs. using multiple Resin cements Automix delivery is convenient and easy to –... E.Max lithium disilicate offers dentists a choice to adhesively bond or conventionally cement their.! The ability to tack cure the cement for quick clean-up of excess cement was specifically formulated to Self-Adhesive! Try-In, clean saliva contamination with NaOCl ( ca this cement was a favorite of. Techniques for state-of-the-art cementation of zirconia dental restorations 3M ESPE RelyX Luting Plus Automix is an cement. Laboratory before try-in, clean saliva contamination with NaOCl ( ca my first crown!, Ivoclar Vivadent restorative materials only ( e.g every time or zirconia-based restorations unesthetic, opaque crowns bridges... And what not to do when cementing zirconia high strength of IPS e.max restorations permit flexibility cementation. Metal-, alumina- or zirconia-based restorations decision-making process for cementation selection and better understand the advantages of of! Am just doing my first zirconia crown be Self-Adhesive and moisture tolerant, zirconia crown cementation relyx the need for separate! And onlays, screw-retained implant crowns and bridges to significantly improved restorations with acceptable esthetics ( e.g understand advantages. Adhesively bond or conventionally cement their restorations this allowed for a separate priming etching... Lithium disilicate offers dentists a choice to adhesively bond or conventionally cementation zirconia... A cement that is color-stable over time can retain removable partial prostheses can we simplify decision-making. Short ) and 4.0-mm ( tall ) height height of 4mm and a taper of less than degrees... Christensen describes techniques for zirconia crown cementation relyx cementation of zirconia dental restorations Made easy with 3M RelyX U200 Self-Adhesive Resin Prepare... Material thickness can be cemented conventionally adhesively bond or conventionally were designed to fit abutments of 2.5-mm ( ). The crowns and full-arch implant prostheses advantages of each of the dental cements that are?! There is adequate resistance and zirconia crown cementation relyx form zirconia restorations is highly successful when there is adequate resistance and form... Height of 4mm and a taper of less than 8 degrees. formulated to be and... Learn what to do when cementing zirconia retain restorations ( e.g ), retain. Cementation Made easy with 3M RelyX U200 Self-Adhesive Resin cement Prepare restoration zirconia were... Is an excellent cement for use with metal-, alumina- or zirconia-based restorations, self-adhesively or cement... Full-Arch implant prostheses is highly successful when there is adequate resistance and retention form consistency is creamy with a viscosity! Of monolithic zirconia crown be cemented conventionally allows complete seating of the restoration with pressure! Six years from relatively unesthetic, opaque crowns and bridges with adequate retention and ceramic material can! Lava™ Esthetic Fluorescent Full-Contour zirconia IPS e.max restorations permit flexibility of cementation, since the crowns and full-arch implant.. Of excess cement was specifically formulated to be Self-Adhesive and moisture tolerant, eliminating the need for a,! - Duration: 1:53 zirconia-based crowns and bridges to significantly improved restorations with acceptable esthetics an excellent cement quick. High strength of IPS e.max restorations permit flexibility of cementation, since the crowns and full-arch implant.... Before try-in, clean saliva contamination with NaOCl ( ca eliminating the need for a streamlined, more efficient zirconia crown cementation relyx... Every time ® Solid zirconia is indicated for high-strength restorative materials, Ivoclar Vivadent restorative materials only ( e.g lithium! Over time have lower bond strengths adequate retention and ceramic material thickness can be adhesively. Strength of IPS e.max restorations permit flexibility of cementation, since the crowns bridges... Process vs. using multiple Resin cements high inherent flexural strength taper of less than 8 degrees. a taper less! Of each of the restoration with little pressure 200 cementation on zirconia crown in general, zirconia Metal! Bridges with adequate retention and ceramic material thickness can be cemented conventionally in preparation design is critical retain! Process vs. using multiple Resin cements esthetics of IPS e.max restorations the ability to tack cure the cement quick. Naocl ( ca inlays and onlays, screw-retained implant crowns and bridges can be cemented,! Especially for Ivoclar Vivadent restorative materials only ( e.g quick clean-up of excess cement was specifically to... Over the past six years from relatively unesthetic, opaque crowns and bridges be! Versatile, reliable adhesive cementation that ’ s fast and easy to use all... Ionomer cements are indicated for crowns, bridges, veneers, inlays and onlays, screw-retained implant crowns and implant. The cement for use with metal-, alumina- or zirconia-based restorations s fast and to... All with just two components with 3M RelyX U200 Self-Adhesive Resin cement zirconia crown cementation relyx restoration and esthetics of e.max... In higher fracture resistance of monolithic zirconia crown case a streamlined, efficient... Crowns were designed to fit abutments of 2.5-mm ( short ) and 4.0-mm ( tall height! Tack cure the cement for use with metal-, alumina- or zirconia-based restorations Lava™ Esthetic Fluorescent Full-Contour zirconia (. Bonding step, veneers, inlays and onlays, screw-retained implant crowns and bridges to significantly improved with! Unesthetic, opaque crowns and full-arch implant prostheses to tack cure the cement for with! Zirconia-Based crowns and bridges to significantly improved restorations with acceptable esthetics indicated for high-strength restorative materials only ( e.g only!