conducted an investigation on the positive and negative correlates of sports participation on inner-city high school students. Although there are several educational benefits resulting from participation in high school sports, African American students do not always experience the positive outcomes that other populations share. With infrequent exceptions, research shows athletics will have a positive or neutral impact on academic measures (Trudeau, F., & Shephard, R. J., 2008). Wanting to take some sort of action, the researcher decided to explore the impact sports participation has on the current middle school students. The purpose of this causal comparative study was to investigate the effect of athletic participation on the academic achievement of African American high school female students. Comparison with an alternative model comprising only nonsports extracurricular-activity participation found that the school sports model was both distinct and preferred. Purpose of the Study This literature review will examine the effects of athletic participation on academic achievement. This study sought to examine the relations between sports participation, academic achievement, and self-efficacy in high school students. Sports appear to be an attractive aspect of the high school experience to many students (Fisher, Juszczak, & Friedman, 1996). athletic participation is positively associated with academic achievement. A significant body of literature is devoted to the question of after-school sports participation’s effect on academic performance. Overall, participation in school sports demonstrated a significant standardized effect (.225) on academic achievement. In his seminal study, Marsh (1988), using a large, national sample, found that athletic participation was favorably related to numerous senior and post-secondary outcomes, including academic achievement and educational aspirations, as well as subsequent college attendance. During her senior year at Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine, field hockey player Leah Ferenc reflected on the role athletics play in academic achievement. students’ academic work. Supporters of organized sports claim that athletic participation helps foster higher academic achievement. Does participation in organized sports enhance academic achievement? Fisher et al. Sports Participation and Academic Success Kurtis Arnold Grand Valley State University As an increasingly relevant part of society, sports seem to find a way into many parts of our everyday lives from the global stage to our own individual experiences and feelings towards them. It will attempt to determine whether athletic participation enhances the academic achievement of high school students. examination of the effects of athletic participation for male and female student athletes is needed. 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